The difference between spot and flood lights is a spot light is a more focused light and lights a single point really. Where a flood light is meant to cast an even lighting over the area so it is more wide spread.
When choosing the wattage and warmth of the bulb the type of art work and what is in the art work should be considered. Lights cast a color and can change the appearance of the work. Also all the lights in the gallery should be as close as possible so there isn't many different colors of lights blending together.
Raking light is used to reveal very subtle changes on art work so that the most minuet of details can be seen.
When lighting a two-dimensional work, lighting the picture evenly is what should be done. What should be avoided is putting the lights in the wrong position and making a glare on the piece so it is so it can't be seen to the viewer.
When lighting a three-dimensional work lights should be used to add or remove shadow that will help the piece and make as aesthetically appeasing to the viewer.
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